Most Overlooked Tax Deductions

Every year, the IRS dutifully reports the most common blunders that taxpayers make on their returns. And every year, at or near the top of the “oops” list is forgetting to enter their Social Security number at the top of the tax form -- or making a mistake when entering those nine digits.
But think about it for a minute: Do you think that’s the most common mistake... or simply the easiest to notice?

One thing we know for sure is that the opportunity to make mistakes is almost unlimited, and missed deductions can be the most costly. About 45 million of us itemize on our 1040s -- claiming more than $1 trillion worth of deductions. That’s right: $1,000,000,000,000, a number rarely spoken out loud until Congress started tying itself up in knots trying to deal with the budget deficit and national debt.

Another 92 million taxpayers claim about $700 billion worth using standard deductions -- and some of you who take the easy way out probably shortchange yourselves. (If you turned 65 in 2011, remember that you now deserve a bigger standard deduction than the younger folks.)

Yes, friends, tax time is a dangerous time. It’s all too easy to miss a trick and pay too much. Years ago, the fellow who ran the IRS at the time told Kiplinger's Personal Finance magazine that he figured millions of taxpayers overpay their taxes every year by overlooking just one of the money-savers listed below.

State sales taxes

Although all taxpayers have a shot at this write-off, it makes sense primarily for those who live in states that do not impose an income tax. You must choose between deducting state and local income taxes or state and local sales taxes. For most citizens of income-tax states, the income tax is a bigger burden than the sales tax, so the income-tax deduction is a better deal.

The IRS has tables that show how much residents of various states can deduct, based on their income and state and local sales tax rates. But the tables aren’t the last word. If you purchased a vehicle, boat or airplane, you get to add the sales tax you paid to the amount shown in the IRS table for your state.

The same goes for any homebuilding materials you purchased. These add-on items are easy to overlook, but big-ticket items could make the sales-tax deduction a better deal even if you live in a state with an income tax. The IRS has a calculator on its Web site to help you figure the deduction.

Reinvested dividends

This isn't really a tax deduction, but it is an important subtraction that can save you a bundle. And this is the break that former IRS commissioner Fred Goldberg told Kiplinger's that a lot of taxpayers miss.

If, like most investors, your mutual fund dividends are automatically used to buy extra shares, remember that each reinvestment increases your tax basis in the fund. That, in turn, reduces the taxable capital gain (or increases the tax-saving loss) when you redeem shares. Forgetting to include the reinvested dividends in your basis results in double taxation of the dividends -- once when they are paid out and immediately reinvested in more shares and later when they’re included in the proceeds of the sale. Don’t make that costly mistake. If you’re not sure what your basis is, ask the fund for help.

Out-of-pocket charitable contributions

It’s hard to overlook the big charitable gifts you made during the year, by check or payroll deduction (check your December pay stub).

But the little things add up, too, and you can write off out-of-pocket costs incurred while doing work for a charity. For example, ingredients for casseroles you prepare for a nonprofit organization’s soup kitchen and stamps you buy for your school’s fundraising mailing count as a charitable contribution. Keep your receipts and if your contribution totals more than $250, you’ll need an acknowledgement from the charity documenting the services you provided. If you drove your car for charity in 2011, remember to deduct 14 cents per mile plus parking and tolls paid in your philanthropic journeys.

Student-loan interest paid by Mom and Dad
Generally, you can only deduct mortgage or student-loan interest if you are legally required to repay the debt. But if parents pay back a child’s student loans, the IRS treats the money as if it was given to the child, who then paid the debt. So, a child who’s not claimed as a dependent can qualify to deduct up to $2,500 of student-loan interest paid by Mom and Dad. And he or she doesn’t have to itemize to use this money-saver. Mom and Dad can’t claim the interest deduction even though they actually foot the bill since they are not liable for the debt.

Job-hunting costs

If you’re among the millions of unemployed Americans who were looking for a job in 2011, we hope you kept track of your job-search expenses... or can reconstruct them. If you’re looking for a position in the same line of work, you can deduct job-hunting costs as miscellaneous expenses if you itemize. Such expenses can be written off only to the extent that your total miscellaneous expenses exceed 2% of your adjusted gross income. Job-hunting expenses incurred while looking for your first job don’t qualify. Deductible job-search costs include, but aren’t limited to:

• Food, lodging and transportation if your search takes you away from home overnight
• Cab fares
• Employment agency fees
• Costs of printing resumes, business cards, postage, and advertising

The cost of moving for your first job

Although job-hunting expenses are not deductible when looking for your first job, moving expenses to get to that job are. And you get this write-off even if you don't itemize.

To qualify for the deduction, your first job must be at least 50 miles away from your old home. If you qualify, you can deduct the cost of getting yourself and your household goods to the new area. If you drove your own car, your mileage write-off depends on when during 2011 you moved. For moves from January 1 through the end of June, the standard mileage rate is 19 cents a mile; for moves during the second half of the year, a 23.5 cents a mile rate applies. In either case, boost your deduction by any amount you paid for parking and tolls.

Military reservists’ travel expenses

Members of the National Guard or military reserve may tap a deduction for travel expenses to drills or meetings. To qualify, you must travel more than 100 miles from home and be away from home overnight. If you qualify, you can deduct the cost of lodging and half the cost of your meals, plus an allowance for driving your own car to get to and from drills. For qualifying trips during January through June, 2011, the standard mileage rate is 51 cents a mile; for driving during the second half of the year, the rate is 55.5 cents a mile. In any event, add parking fees and tolls. And, you don’t have to itemize to get this deduction.

Deduction of Medicare premiums for the self-employed

Folks who continue to run their own businesses after qualifying for Medicare can deduct the premiums they pay for Medicare Part B and Medicare Part D and the cost of supplemental Medicare (medigap) policies. This deduction is available whether or not you itemize and is not subject the 7.5% of AGI test that applies to itemized medical expenses. One caveat: You can’t claim this deduction if you are eligible to be covered under an employer-subsidized health plan offered by your employer (if you have a job as well as your business) or your spouse’s employer.

Child-care credit

A credit is so much better than a deduction; it reduces your tax bill dollar for dollar. So missing one is even more painful than missing a deduction that simply reduces the amount of income that’s subject to tax.

You can qualify for a tax credit worth between 20% and 35% of what you pay for child care while you work. But if your boss offers a child care reimbursement account – which allows you to pay for the child care with pre-tax dollars – that might be a better deal. If you qualify for a 20% credit but are in the 25% tax bracket, for example, the reimbursement plan is the way to go. (In any case, only expenses for the care of children under age 13 count.)

You can’t double dip. Expenses paid through a plan can’t also be used to generate the tax credit. But get this: Although only $5,000 in expenses can be paid through a tax-favored reimbursement account, up to $6,000 for the care of two or more children can qualify for the credit. So, if you run the maximum through a plan at work but spend even more for work-related child care, you can claim the credit on as much as $1,000 of additional expenses. That would cut your tax bill by at least $200.

Estate tax on income in respect of a decedent

This sounds complicated, but it can save you a lot of money if you inherited an IRA from someone whose estate was big enough to be subject to the federal estate tax.

Basically, you get an income-tax deduction for the amount of estate tax paid on the IRA assets you received. Let’s say you inherited a $100,000 IRA, and the fact that the money was included in your benefactor's estate added $45,000 to the estate-tax bill. You get to deduct that $45,000 on your tax returns as you withdraw the money from the IRA. If you withdraw $50,000 in one year, for example, you get to claim a $22,500 itemized deduction on Schedule A. That would save you $6,300 in the 28% bracket.

[Source: Kiplinger]

Year-End Tax Planning Made Easy...

Compared to this time last year, discussion about immediate changes for individual income taxes is pretty quiet. No uproar this year over the Bush tax cuts ending makes end-of-year tax planning a little easier. Your tax adviser can inform taxpayers how to lower their tax liability as the year comes to an end.

"Managing financial health is like so many other things; it's not where you start, but where you finish," said Kathy Pickering, executive director of The Tax Institute at H&R Block. "The end of the year is right around the corner, but there are ways for taxpayers to take actions now that will help reduce their taxable income and tax liability."

As taxpayers are left to wonder if the 2-percent payroll tax holiday will expire Dec. 31 or whether Congress will make any tax law changes as part of a plan to reduce the federal deficit, taxpayers can make the following money-saving moves now to potentially decrease their 2011 tax bill.

Make charitable donations
Charitable functions and gift giving take center stage this time of year. It's important for taxpayers to remember for charitable donations to be tax-deductible, they must be made to qualified, tax-exempt organizations (IRS-approved nonprofit religious, educational or charitable groups), and claimed as itemized deductions on tax returns. The Salvation Army donation guide can be used to estimate the value of non-cash items.

Offset capital gains with capital losses
After the Dow Jones Industrial Average hit a 30-month high Jan. 1, it was a roller coaster ride with investments losing and gaining again and again throughout the rest of the year. Even with those market fluctuations, there is some good news:

    1.Those with a large net capital gain in 2011 could reduce their tax liability by selling stock before Dec. 31 if it would generate a loss.
    2. Capital losses don't just offset capital gains. If capital losses exceed capital gains, up to $3,000 of capital losses can be used to offset ordinary income, such as     wages.

Look to the future and maximize retirement plan contributions
Taxpayers who have not contributed the maximum to their 401(k) may consider increasing contributions for the remainder of the year; contributions are made pre-tax, which reduces taxable income and potentially the overall tax bill.

Also, taxpayers eligible to deduct IRA contributions can make traditional IRA contributions to decrease 2011 income until April 17, 2012, and thus reduce tax liability on 2011 tax returns.

Pay it forward
Those who haven't taken full advantage of the American Opportunity Credit should consider paying spring college tuition before Dec. 31 to benefit from the tax break on their 2011 returns. Also, taxpayers could pre-pay their December mortgage payment due in early January or make an additional student loan payment to claim the highest possible interest deduction (up to $2,500) on the 2011 tax return.

Go green at home and on the road
Home energy-efficiency improvements are eligible for a tax credit of 10 percent of the cost, with a $500 lifetime maximum. This includes windows and doors, insulation, roofing, HVAC and non-solar water heaters meeting specific energy guidelines. The maximum lifetime credit for external windows is $200.

Taxpayers can claim a credit for the purchase of a neighborhood vehicle (e.g., low-speed four-wheel vehicle), a conversion kit, or a plug-in electric drive vehicle, such as the Chevy Volt and the Nissan Leaf.

Claim casualty losses from disaster
Taxpayers in a federal disaster area who sustained disaster-related casualty losses (e.g., damaged or lost property) can claim their losses on a tax return for the year the disaster occurred or on the prior year's return. Your tax adviser can help you determine which year would result in the greatest tax savings.

Your Taxes May Be Going Up...

According to Bob Jennings [provided by FOXBUSINESS]:

In a recent tax planning meeting with one of our clients, we shocked them with what their income tax future looked like for 2013 if -- on the off-chance -- Congress continues to do nothing to provide a long-term permanent set of tax laws.
They had no idea what tax breaks were expiring this year and next year, and how much it would cost them personally in extra income tax. But they aren't alone, many Americans and even tax professionals aren't aware that their tax bill could rise dramatically next year.
These clients are your average American family and their situation is a good example of the law changes that will affect all of us. Here's their tax situation with a table summarizing the expiring tax laws that are scheduled to occur in 2011 and 2012.

Meet the Smiths: 26-year-olds Bill and Joan have been married for five years and have two young children. Bill earns about $65,000 a year in sales and Joan has gone back to work and earns about $35,000 annually. Bill owes quite a bit on his college student loans and will pay about $3,000 in interest on them in 2013. With Joan working again, they are paying $3,000 for year-round child care. Joan inherited some AT&T stock from her grandmother, which pays her $1,000 in dividends every year. Finally, counting home mortgage interest, they have about $20,000 in itemized deductions.
The first big change affecting the Smiths will be a combined increase in income tax rates, and a tightening of tax brackets as a result of the expiration of the Bush tax cuts. We estimate this will cost them $960 in 2013.

Bill will lose the complete deduction of his student loan interest in 2013, costing about $840. The pair's allowable deduction for child care will drop to $2,400 from $3,000, and they will also see their credit for children drop in half, costing another $1,000.

The marriage tax penalty will come roaring back to hit the Smiths in 2013, costing an estimated $500. The tax on their dividend income will go increase to $280 from $150, adding another $130. Finally, although we did not calculate the effect, without Congressional action to once again "fix" the alternative minimum tax, the Smiths could owe this ugly tax as well!

Luckily for the Smiths — but not for many Americans — other major changes for 2013, which do not personally affect them, include a phase out of itemized deductions and personal exemptions if their income starts to climb.

In summary, because of tax laws expiring this year and next, we estimate that the Smiths will owe $3,598 more in income tax in 2013 than in 2011 with no change in their income.

Major Individual Income Tax Benefits Expiring 12/31/2011:
• Personal tax credits applied against income tax no longer apply
• Higher alternative minimum tax exemptions revert back to extraordinarily-low thresholds
• $250 school teacher expense deduction ends
• Mortgage insurance premium deduction expires
• State and local sales tax deductions expire
• Tuition and related fees deduction end
• IRA to charity tax-free transfers stop
• 2% Social Security tax reduction ends

Major Individual Income Tax Benefits Expiring 12/31/2012:
• Marriage penalty equalization ends
• Dividends taxed at capital gains rates removed, taxed at regular rates now
• Capital gains low tax rates expires
• Removal of itemized deduction phase out for higher income Americans
• Removal of personal exemption phase out for higher income Americans
• Child care deduction limit of $3,000 reverts to $2,400
• Child credit reduces from $1,000 per child to $500 per child
• Low 10% tax bracket for low income Americans is eliminated
• Lower income tax rates and smaller brackets expires
• Refundable adoption credit and reduced deduction
• American Opportunity college education credit expires
• Major reduction in earned income credits and refunds
• Income tax exemption for debt forgiven on home foreclosures and repossessions
• Deduction for student loan interest ends
• Education IRA limit drops from $2,000 to $500

Bob Jennings is a CPA, EA and CFP and author of "Understanding Social Security & Medicare."

Keep Good Records Now to Reduce Tax-Time Stress

Keep Good Records Now to Reduce Tax-Time Stress 

You may not be thinking about your tax return right now, but summer is a great time to start planning for next year. Organized records not only make preparing your return easier, but may also remind you of relevant transactions, help you prepare a response if you receive an IRS notice, or substantiate items on your return if you are selected for an audit.

Here are a few things the IRS wants you to know about recordkeeping.

1. In most cases, the IRS does not require you to keep records in any special manner. Generally, you should keep any and all documents that may have an impact on your federal tax return. It’s a good idea to have a designated place for tax documents and receipts.

2. Individual taxpayers should usually keep the following records supporting items on their tax returns for at least three years:

• Bills
• Credit card and other receipts
• Invoices
• Mileage logs
• Canceled, imaged or substitute checks or any other proof of payment
• Any other records to support deductions or credits you claim on your return

You should normally keep records relating to property until at least three years after you sell or otherwise dispose of the property. Examples include:

• A home purchase or improvement
• Stocks and other investments
• Individual Retirement Arrangement transactions
• Rental property records

3. If you are a small business owner, you must keep all your employment tax records for at least four years after the tax becomes due or is paid, whichever is later. Examples of important documents business owners should keep Include:

• Gross receipts: Cash register tapes, bank deposit slips, receipt books, invoices, credit card charge slips and Forms 1099-MISC
• Proof of purchases: Canceled checks, cash register tape receipts, credit card sales slips and invoices
• Expense documents: Canceled checks, cash register tapes, account statements, credit card sales slips, invoices and petty cash slips for small cash payments
• Documents to verify your assets: Purchase and sales invoices, real estate closing statements and canceled checks

For more information about recordkeeping, check out IRS Publication 552, Recordkeeping for Individuals, Publication 583, Starting a Business and Keeping Records, and Publication 463, Travel, Entertainment, Gift, and Car Expenses. These publications are available at www.IRS.gov or by calling 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676).

Rising Impact of Stealth Taxes

Congressional gridlock over whether to cut or raise income taxes is obscuring a different threat to six-figure earners: a host of stealth taxes implemented in the name of deficit reduction. Many of the provisions, as with the dreaded alternative minimum tax, have never been adjusted for inflation. As a result, they have morphed into tax traps for upper-middle-income earners. Here are three of the most glaring examples.

Two of the new stealth taxes were created by last year's landmark health care reform bill. First, the Medicare payroll tax is going up. The tax is now 2.9% on all wages; employers and employees each pay 1.45%. Starting in 2013, individuals making more than $200,000 (and couples making more than $250,000) will have to kick in an additional 0.9% on wages above that amount.
A second, much heftier increase also takes effect in 2013, in the form of an unprecedented new 3.8% Medicare tax on investment income. It will strike filers whose "modified adjusted gross income" -- roughly speaking, wages plus investment income -- tops $200,000 for individuals or $250,000 for couples. (The tax will apply to whichever is less: investment income or the amount by which modified adjusted gross income exceeds the income threshold.) Investment income will include taxable capital gains, dividends, interest income, annuities, royalties, and rents. The thresholds for both of the new Medicare taxes will not be indexed for inflation. So they'll snag an increasing number of taxpayers over time.

Finally there's the taxation of Social Security benefits. In 1984, when the Social Security system faced a funding crisis, Congress enacted a law to make the wealthiest recipients pay income taxes on their benefits. Specifically, up to 50% of Social Security benefits became taxable when half of these benefits, plus a retiree's other income -- including retirement plan payouts and investment income -- exceeded $25,000 a year ($32,000 for couples). Back then, only about 10% of retirees had incomes that topped that level. In 1994 a second layer of tax was put in place: 85% of your Social Security benefits became taxable if half of your Social Security benefit plus your "other" income topped $34,000, or $44,000 as a couple.

Once again, none of those crucial thresholds were indexed to inflation; today the Social Security tax still kicks in at $25,000. As a result, about a third of retirees are now paying federal income tax on their Social Security benefits. A decade from now, an estimated 45% will owe the tax.
Don't expect relief from the government on any of those stealth taxes. Your best bet is to generate as much income as possible from sources that don't trigger them. One way to accomplish that is to put your retirement savings into a Roth IRA or Roth 401(k), where contributions are made with after-tax dollars, and all future investment gains and withdrawals are tax-free. At the end of the day, you may never be able to shield yourself completely from stealth taxes. But you can at least minimize the bite.

[Source: Janice Revell in Fortune Magazine]

Eight Tips for Taxpayers Who Receive an IRS Notice

Eight Tips for Taxpayers Who Receive an IRS Notice 

Every year the Internal Revenue Service sends millions of letters and notices to taxpayers, but that doesn’t mean you need to worry. Here are eight things every taxpayer should know about IRS notices – just in case one shows up in your mailbox.

1. Don’t panic. Many of these letters can be dealt with simply and painlessly.
2. There are number of reasons the IRS sends notices to taxpayers. The notice may request payment of taxes, notify you of a change to your account or request additional information. The notice you receive normally covers a very specific issue about your account or tax return.
3. Each letter and notice offers specific instructions on what you need to do to satisfy the inquiry.
4. If you receive a correction notice, you should review the correspondence and compare it with the information on your return.
5. If you agree with the correction to your account, usually no reply is necessary unless a payment is due.
6. If you do not agree with the correction the IRS made, it is important that you respond as requested. Write to explain why you disagree. Include any documents and information you wish the IRS to consider, along with the bottom tear-off portion of the notice. Mail the information to the IRS address shown in the lower left part of the notice. Allow at least 30 days for a response.
7. Most correspondence can be handled without calling or visiting an IRS office. However, if you have questions, call the telephone number in the upper right corner of the notice. Have a copy of your tax return and the correspondence available when you call.
8. It’s important that you keep copies of any correspondence with your records.

For more information about IRS notices and bills, see Publication 594, The IRS Collection Process. Information about penalties and interest charges is available in Publication 17, Your Federal Income Tax for Individuals.

Eighteen Ways to Get Tax Free Income

A two-year tax cut extension? That compromise between Congress and the president was nice, but you can do better. You can get a 0% tax rate on many kinds of income.
It’s pretty hard to avoid paying taxes on your paycheck. But there are all kinds of ways to pick up money that the Internal Revenue Service can’t touch—such as from inheritances, fringe benefits, airline miles and rebates.
Remodel
Sweat equity is tax free, if you know what you’re doing. Buy a fixer-upper and live in it for at least two years. If you’re talented at painting and carpentry, you’ll make a nice profit when you sell, and you can take advantage of the $500,000 exemption on capital gains for your principal home. For singles, the exemption is $250,000.
Moonlight
The first couple of thousand dollars a year you pocket from outside jobs is likely to be tax free. Reason: You probably have all sorts of expenses, such as for continuing education, a home office, professional association dues and a computer, that you can write off against freelance income.  Since these are expenses that you usually can’t otherwise deduct, your early freelance dollars are pure gravy.
Get reimbursed
Ask your employer to cover more of your work expenses (like those professional dues) in lieu of giving you a raise. So long as your expenses are documented, the reimbursement is not income to you. Your company will save on payroll taxes, too. But don’t mess with country-club dues; these aren’t deductible.
Earn airline miles
If you pick these up by taking deductible business trips and then use them on a vacation, they should, in principle, be taxable. But they aren’t. This is a political hot potato, and the IRS gives frequent fliers a free ride.
Take the bus
You can pull up to $230 a month out of your paycheck, pretax, to cover mass transit, vanpooling and commuter parking.
Hustle rebates
Those grocery-store coupons may not be worth your time. But the $50 rebates you get on phones and computers definitely are. As a reduction in the cost of an item for personal use, a rebate is not considered taxable income.
Be nice to Uncle Joe
If he leaves you money in his will, you don’t owe a dime of income tax on it.
Pay off credit cards
Where else are you going to earn 18% on your money? To top it off, this 18% dividend is totally tax free.
Rent your house out
If you rent out a house for 14 or fewer days, the income is scot-free. Not only that, you don’t have to prorate or reduce your otherwise deductible mortgage interest and property taxes. Unlike the remodeling gambit, this one works on vacation homes, too.
House sit
You get a rent-free place to stay by keeping watch in a house whose owner is off on an overseas assignment. The $20,000 you save on rent is like getting a $20,000 raise, except that it’s tax free.
Get a cash-back card
The best of the breed give you 2% back, and the rebate is tax free if the charge was for a personal purchase. For more, read this.

Be a good neighbor
You babysit the neighbor’s children, and in return he paints your garage. You’re both earning money, in effect, by providing services. While the IRS can assess taxes on people in barter exchanges that involve account books and transactions with strangers, there’s no way to levy a tax on helping out a friend.
Have a charity tag sale
You were going to send $500 to Doctors Without Borders anyway. Do it this way. Have a tag sale, unloading tchotchkes from your attic, and advertise that 100% of the proceeds will go to the worthy cause. If you haul in $490, that sum becomes, in effect, tax free income for your day of labor.
Own a house
You get a dividend in the form of not having to pay rent. This dividend is tax free. It has nothing to do with mortgage interest. You have a tax free dividend even if you pay cash for the home.
Take up plumbing
…or electricity or carpentry or car repair. When you work overtime at your company in order to have the bucks to pay pros to do various chores, you owe taxes. But when you hire yourself to do chores, there’s no income to tax.
Set up an HSA
In combination with a high-deductible health insurance policy for your family, you set up a health savings account and put $6,150 a year ($7,150 if you’re over 55) of tax-deductible money into it.
You can use the bucks right away to pay uncovered medical costs. But you don’t have to eat into the account in this fashion. Instead, pay your doctor bills out of your checking account. Then let the $6,150 compound tax free until you are retired.
If you use the HSA later in life for medical costs (which will be considerable; Medicare is going bankrupt) then both the principal and the earnings come out tax free.
Hire the kids
If you own your own business, make your teenage children into employees. If the pay is reasonable for what they do, you can deduct the payroll, lowering your high-bracket net income. On the receiving end a child laborer owes no federal income tax on earned income below the $5,700 standard deduction.
If the kid also has investment income, the exact value of the freebie gets more complicated. But, in round numbers, $5,000 of summer job income is going to be free of income tax.
You will, however, have to cough up for Social Security and Medicare taxes.
Get paid in lodging
If part of your compensation is a free apartment, and if your presence on the premises has a business purpose, then you don’t owe tax on the benefit. This works for hotel managers, apartment supes and roustabouts on offshore rigs.
Clergy members get a better deal: Their housing allowance is tax-free even if paid in cash.

(Source: Forbes Magazine)